Teachers’ Alcohol Addiction and Its Effects in Promoting a Friendly and Productive School Climate

The learning environment that promotes fairness, justices, safety, and general wellbeing of the child can be termed a child friendly and productive school. Administrators recognize that alcohol abuse and addiction amongst school teachers are threats to fundamental peace, effective leadership


Introduction
Teachers play very crucial role in ensuring conducive friendly and productive learning environment as they are saddled with the responsibility of taking the place of the guardian/child's parent as engraved in the doctrine of in-loco-parentis.They have a delegated authority to control the children's conduct, behavior and activities in the best manner that will ensure a friendly and productive school climate.However, teachers and school authorities can be found liable for litigation when this role is abuse and could be sued individually or collectively for constitutional wrong and tort liability as this action is counter to a friendly and productive school (Nakpodia, 2012).
The learning environment that promotes fairness, justices, safety, and general wellbeing of the child can be termed a child friendly and productive school.Administrators recognize that Alcohol abuse and addiction amongst school teachers are threats to fundamental peace, effective leadership, and friendly and productive organizational school climate.This poses a barrier to educational goal achievement.A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers.To be able to move this organized social system to an enviable new way of operation, it requires tangible considerable time, diligence and effort of everyone in the system especially the teachers.To achieve the goal of obtaining conducive and organizational friendly climate, the teachers need to be drug free and in an emotional stable state to plan, organize, direct and carry out teaching and learning in a friendly and productive school climate in an effort to achieve desired individual and group objectives with optimum efficiency and effectiveness

Conceptual Clarifications Child Friendly and Productive School
The learning environment that promotes fairness, justices, safety, and general wellbeing of the child can be termed a child friendly and productive school.It is an inclusive environment.Such friendly school climate protects the rights of children from abuse of all kind and harm from teachers who are alcohol addicts.Studies have shown that teachers turn to alcohol addiction to cope with stress related issues that come along with being a teacher.Ba-Saddik and Hattab (2012) revealed in their study that teachers occupied the higher proportion of being responsible for emotional abuse 45.6%, followed distantly by the administrative staff 5.0%.They agree that only appropriate social.Legislative and administrative intervention at the family, school and community levels are essential to deal with the problem.

Teachers' Alcohol Addiction
Alcohol addiction is the bane of friendly and productive school climate as it is capable of altering good sense of judgment and lead to risky behavior.Teachers' alcohol addiction is like a canker and a threat to a friendly and productive school climate.

Promoting a Friendly and Productive School Climate
A friendly and productive school climate is the school where teachers and students work together without frictions, strife, alcohol/drug-related disorders and are intrinsically motivated enough to work within prescribed and appropriate rules to overcome pressures, difficulties in teaching and learning related frustrations within the school environment.This type of school climate may inhibit alcohol initiation and addiction of teachers while promoting a healthy school climate.Rapti (2013) viewed the school climate as "the sum of the values, cultures, safety practices, organizational structures within a school, teaching practices, diversity, leader-teacher relationships, teacher-teacher relationships, parent-teacher relationships, and student-teacher relationships" (p.110).This is in line with Daily et al (2020) study, "School Climate as a Universal Intervention to Prevent Substance Use Initiation in Early Adolescence", whose findings suggest that a positive school climate may delay substance use initiation and promote school success.Their perceptions further suggest that a positive school climate may prevent substance use which is usually initiated at adolescence while promoting healthy student behaviors.School climate may, therefore, be useful as an intervention to support school-based health promotion.The study of Musah et al (2016) reveals a strong predictive causal effect between organizational climate and work force performance.These results suggest that establishing a positive organizational climate enhances academic staff performance which teachers' alcohol addiction can hamper.Lewallen et al. (2015) reveals the in-depth role the whole school, whole community and whole child conceptual model plays in building a friendly and productive school climate.In the model, the student is at the focal point of the learning environment.The child needs a friendly and productive learning outcome that stresses the need for coordination among policy, process, and practice which involves the teacher's daily attitude, behaviors and engagements within the learning environment as well the essential role of policy promotes and sustains a friendly and productive school climate that prohibits alcohol consumption and addiction which supports both health and learning.There is the need for teachers, students and management to work together to implement policies, practice, and processes that address health and learning.

Methodology
This section explains the research questions asked, the postulated hypothesis and the method of obtaining answers to the questions.

Research Questions
The following research questions guided the study:  What is the frequency of teachers' alcohol consumption? What is the quantity of alcohol teachers take per day?
 What are the factors that enhance alcohol consumption of teachers?
 What anti-dotes mitigate alcohol addiction of teachers?

Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses guided the study:  There is no significant difference between male and female teachers' alcohol addiction and its effect in promoting a friendly and productive school climate  There is no significant difference in the frequency between male and female teachers' alcohol addiction and its effect in promoting a friendly and productive school climate.
 There is no significant effect of teacher alcohol consumption in promoting a friendly and productive school climate.

Participants and Data Collection
The descriptive survey design was used for the study.The primary data for the study were derived from surveys and interviews of teachers in the Agbor metropolis, Ika South Local Education zone.A total of 100 teachers were selected for study.Seventy-three teachers are active participant who responded to the questionnaires while twenty-seven did not respond to the questionnaire.Questionnaire items 1-17 of the survey provided information on the teachers' alcohol addiction, while items 18-20 qualitatively provided teachers' responses of effects of alcohol addiction in promoting a friendly and productive school climate.The researcher used two (2) research assistants who helped in administering and retrieving the instrument.The participants were drawn from cross session of school teachers in Agbor metropolis.Chi Square, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data collected for the study.

Findings H01: There is no significant difference between male and female teachers' alcohol addiction
The following table give a summary of this analysis.A total of 73 teachers were involved in this analysis.There were no missing cases and hence no case was excluded.The table above represents the number of male and female teachers who take or do not take alcohol.From the table, out of 41 female teachers sampled, 4 take alcohol.Also, 32 male teachers were sampled, 19 of them take alcohol.To test the above hypotheses, a chi square test of independence was used.The result is presented in the table below.From the table, the chi square calculated value is 20.505 and since a significant value of <.001 was obtained, we have enough evidence to reject the null hypotheses and conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between male and female teachers' alcohol addiction.
H02: There is no significant difference in the frequency of male and female teachers' alcohol consumption.
To effectively carry out this test, data regarding the average number of bottles of alcohol consumed by the sampled teachers per day was gathered.The following tables give a summary of this analysis.

Gender
Daily alcohol use (bottle) Female teachers (total) 6 Male teachers (total) 38 Teachers (total) 44 From the table, an average of 44 bottles of alcohol is consumed by the teachers daily with the female teachers consuming 6 and male teachers consuming 38.To test for difference in the frequency of alcohol consumption by the teachers, the chi square goodness of fit test is suitable.
With the significant value of <.001 obtained, there is evidence to reject the null hypotheses and conclude that there is a significance difference in the frequency of male and female teachers' alcohol consumption.
H03: There is no significant effect of teacher alcohol consumption in promoting a friendly and productive school climate.Items 8,10,12,13,14,15,16 and 17 of the questionnaire deal with this aspect of the research.The scores obtained from the above items were subjected to a chi square goodness of fit test.The results are presented below  • There should be laws to control such in our school environment 11 Alcohol consumption can disrupt the organizational structures and system, it can also lead to a poor performance in an organization mostly in schools There should be laid down rules and condition against alcohol consumers in the organization 12 It dulls judgment which can be counter productivity in an organization Alcohol consumption in schools should be prohibited and necessary sanctions be put in place.

Implication for policy
Educational institutions should formulate policies to prohibit alcohol sales and consumption within the school premises.While school heads, relevant authorities should ensure the execution of laws and prosecution of offenders.

•
They will molest students in campuses • Promote levity in the organization • Withdrawal of certificate because education is aimed at behavioural changes • Orientation of old and new teachers • Christian fellowship should be established.

Table 1 .
Gender and Alcohol Consumers Crosstabulation

Table 2 .
Chi-Square Tests:Difference between male and female teachers' alcohol addiction

Table 4 .
Qualitatively tabulated responses expressed by the participants for questionnaires items18, 19 and 20

perception of alcohol addiction & effect on promoting friendly and productive school climate Antidote to mitigate effects of alcohol addiction in promoting friendly and productive school climate as expressed by teachers.
They will end up raising addicted students (like father like son).